What do researchers mean when they describe a difference as statistically significant quizlet?

Stratified random sample = the entire population is divided (stratified) into groups based on an important characteristic; subjects are then randomly selected from each group (or strata)

Cluster sampling = process of sampling in stages starting with groups within the population and then individuals within the groups
The sampling unit changes in a cluster sample.
The sampling unit is the element of the population being selected.
The unit may be families, schools, hospitals first, then individuals.

Systematic sampling = process of selecting a random sample by choosing subjects at a fixed interval (kth), such as every 10th member of a population
The population is still enumerated, but rather than using a random numbers table every kth individual is selected.

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What do researchers mean when they describe a difference as statistically significant?

In scientific studies, this is known as the "p-value." If it is unlikely enough that the difference in outcomes occurred by chance alone, the difference is pronounced "statistically significant."

What does a researcher mean when they describe a research result as statistically significant quizlet?

If a psychologist describes a research result as statistically significant, what does he or she typically mean? The result is unlikely to have occurred by chance. The number between -1 and +1 that indexes the linear association between any two variables is called ________.