| Ingredient | Estimated concentration |
|---|
water
Plain old water
| 45% - 55%
|
cyclopentasiloxane A silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absord oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin
| 6% - 7.3%
|
zinc oxide A broad spectrum sunblock (protects from both UVA and UVB rays). Is suitable for most sensitive skins. In small concentrations, can be used as a colorant
| 5.2% - 6.3%
|
ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate Octinoxate. When used in higher concentrations, works as a sunscreen protecting the skin from UVB rays. When used in lower concentration, helps to preserve the product
formulation. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can be irritating
| 3.8% - 4.6%
|
glycerin One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
| 2.7% - 3.3%
|
alcohol Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
| 2.2% - 2.7%
|
butylene glycol Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
| 1.8% - 2.2%
|
dimethicone A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
| 1.6% - 2%
|
bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine Tinosorb S. One of the most effective broad spectrum sunscreen ingredients. Protects from both UVA and UVB rays. It is photostable.
Unfortunately, not approved by FDA (US) yet.
| 1.7% - 2.1%
|
hydrated silica
| 1.3% - 1.6%
|
peg-60 hydrogenated castor oil Helps oil and water mix together
| 0.9% - 1.1%
|
mica Creates an illusion of smoother and more radiant skin tone. Adds shimmer to the skin by reflecting light
| 0.9% - 1.1%
|
potassium methoxysalicylate Can help reduce hyperpigmentation
| 0.7% - 1.05%
|
ppg-17
| 0.65% - 0.95%
|
hdi/trimethylol hexyllactone crosspolymer Used to create a silky product texture and add volume to products
| 0.65% - 0.95%
|
isostearic acid Used to create a nice product texture
| 0.7% - 1.05%
|
titanium dioxide Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its
ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
| 0.7% - 1.05%
|
dimethylacrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate crosspolymer
| 0.55% - 0.8%
|
hydrogenated polydecene Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture
| 0.5% - 0.75%
|
phytosteryl macadamiate Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
| 0.5% - 0.75%
|
peg-100 hydrogenated castor oil
| 0.5% - 0.7%
|
sorbitan sesquiisostearate
| 0.45% - 0.7%
|
succinoglycan
| 0.4% - 0.65%
|
erythritol Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin
| 0.4% - 0.65%
|
parfum An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients
| 0.4% - 0.6%
|
peg/ppg-14/7 dimethyl ether An emollient that helps soften the skin. It also forms a protective on its surface to reduce water loss
| 0.5% - 0.75%
|
peg/ppg-17/4 dimethyl ether Helps to create a nice product texture
| 0.45% - 0.65%
|
tocopheryl acetate A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize
other ingredients.
| 0.45% - 0.65%
|
bht A preservative
| 0.4% - 0.65%
|
2-o-ethyl ascorbic acid
| 0.4% - 0.65%
|
dipotassium glycyrrhizate A salt derived from licorice. Works as an emollient to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help calm down inflammation. Might be helpful for skin lightening
| 0.4% - 0.65%
|
disodium edta Stabilizes the product formulation
| 0.45% - 0.65%
|
sodium metaphosphate A preservative
| 0.45% - 0.65%
|
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose stearoxy ether Helps create a thicker product formulation
| 0.45% - 0.65%
|
sodium citrate Helps to control the skin's pH level. Maintains the skin's natural film of amino-lactic acids and oils. Helps to preserve products
| 0.45% - 0.65%
|
caffeine Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes
| 0.4% - 0.6%
|
tocopherol Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
| 0.4% - 0.65%
|
silica Used to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skin
| 0.5% - 0.8%
|
ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate A vitamin C derivative. Studies show that is might be effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, but there are no studies confirming that it is effectively converted into the
bioavailable form of Vitamin C in skin. It is not clear how this derivative compares in effectiveness to the topical application of bioavailable form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid)
| 0.45% - 0.65%
|
citric acid Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
| 0.35% - 0.65%
|
iron oxides An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499
| 0.25% - 0.45%
|
ci 77491 A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating
| 0.3% - 0.55%
|
ppg-3 dipivalate Helps water and oil mix together
| 0.3% - 0.55%
|
rosmarinus officinalis leaf oil A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Has anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize
free radicals on the surface of the skin
| 0.25% - 0.5%
|
sodium metabisulfite A preservative
| 0.1% - 0.2%
|
angelica keiskei leaf/stem extract A fragrant plant extract. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritating
| 0.25% - 0.45%
|
paeonia albiflora root extract
| 0.25% - 0.4%
|
crataegus monogyna flower extract
| 0.2% - 0.4%
|
rehmannia chinensis root extract
| 0.2% - 0.4%
|
prunus yedoensis leaf extract
| 0.2% - 0.35%
|
zizyphus jujuba fruit extract
| 0.15% - 0.25%
|
pyrola incarnata extract
| 0.15% - 0.25%
|
potentilla erecta root extract
| 0.15% - 0.3%
|
polyquaternium-51 An emollient that helps create a nice silky finish on the skin
| 0.15% - 0.3%
|
benzoic acid A preservative
| 0.1% - 0.2%
|
phenoxyethanol A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
| 0.15% - 0.25%
|
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