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What is Ransomware? Ransomware is a type of malicious software that infects a computer and restricts users’ access to it until a ransom is paid to unlock it. Ransomware variants have been observed for several years and often attempt to extort money from victims by displaying an on-screen alert. Typically, these alerts state that the user’s systems have been locked or that the user’s files have been encrypted. Users are told that unless a ransom is paid, access will not be restored. The ransom demanded from individuals varies greatly but is frequently $200–$400 dollars and must be paid in virtual currency, such as Bitcoin.
How does a computer become infected with Ransomware? Ransomware is often spread through phishing emails that contain malicious attachments or through drive-by downloading. Drive-by downloading occurs when a user unknowingly visits an infected website and then malware is downloaded and installed without the user’s knowledge. Crypto ransomware, a malware variant that encrypts files, is spread through similar methods and has also been spread through social media, such as Web-based instant messaging applications. Additionally, newer methods of ransomware infection have been observed. For example, vulnerable Web servers have been exploited as an entry point to gain access to an organization’s network.
Why is Ransomware so effective? The authors of ransomware instill fear and panic into their victims, causing them to click on a link or pay a ransom, and users systems can become infected with additional malware. Ransomware displays intimidating messages similar to those below:
What is the possible impact of Ransomware? Ransomware not only targets home users; businesses can also become infected with ransomware, leading to negative consequences, including
Paying the ransom does not guarantee the encrypted files will be released; it only guarantees that the malicious actors receive the victim’s money, and in some cases, their banking information. In addition, decrypting files does not mean the malware infection itself has been removed.
What do I do to protect against Ransomware? Infections can be devastating to an individual or organization, and recovery can be a difficult process that may require the services of a reputable data recovery specialist. US-CERT recommends that users and administrators take the following preventive measures to protect their computer networks from ransomware infection:
Individuals or organizations are discouraged from paying the ransom, as this does not guarantee files will be released. However, the FBI has advised that if Cryptolocker, Cryptowall or other sophisticated forms of ransomware are involved, the victim may not be able to get their data back without paying a ransom.
What do I do if I believe my system has been infected by Ransomware? Signs your system may have been infected by Ransomware:
Responding to a Ransomware InfectionWhat to do if you believe your system has been infected with ransomware1. Disconnect From Networks
This can aid in preventing the spread of the ransomware to shared network resources such as file shares. 2. Disconnect External DevicesImmediately disconnect:
3. Report the IncidentIt is important that incidents are reported as early as possible so that campus can limit the damage and cost of recovery.
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