Scheduled maintenance: Saturday, September 10 from 11PM to 12AM PDT Show
Home Subjects Solutions Create Log in Sign up Upgrade to remove ads Only SGD 41.99/year
Terms in this set (55)Injuries during the preeschool years The greatest risk that preschoolers face comes from neither illness nor nutritional problems but from accidents. Before the age of 10, children have twice the likelihood to die from an injury than an illness. Motor Development Girls generally surpass boys in tasks that involve the coordination of limbs. For instance, at the age of five, girls are better at jumping jacks and balancing on one foot. Handedness The preference of using one hand over another. It is complete by the end of preeschool years. Potty Wars In 1957, 92 percent of children were toilet trained by the age of 18 months. In 1999, only 25 percent were toilet trained at that age, and just 60 percent of 36-month olds were toilet trained. Some 2 percent were still not toilet trained at the age of years. Preoperational stage Children's use of symbolic thinking grows, mental reasoning emerges, and the use of concepts increases.
Conservation The knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects. Egocentric thought thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others. Intuitive thought thinking that reflects preschoolers' use of primitive reasoning and their avid acquisition about the world. Intuitive Example Preeschoolers come to understand that pushing harder on pedals makes a bicycle move faster, or pressing a button on a remote changes the channel. Comprehension of Identity is necessary for children to develop an understanding of conservation, the ability to understand the quantity is not related to physical appearances. Autobiographical memory After the age of three, memory of particular events from one's own life. Scripts Broad representations in memory of events and the order in which they occur. Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a result of social interactions in which children learn through guided participation, working with mentors to solve problems. Zone of proximal development according to vygotsky, the level at which a child can almost, but not fully, perform a task independently, but can do it with the assistance of someone more competent. Scaffolding the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth. Syntax the way in which an individual combines words and phrases to form sentances. Leaps in the # of words children use By age six, the average child has a vocabulary of around 14,000 words. Private speech speech by children that is spoken and directed to themselves. Vygotsky thought it was used as a guide to behavior and thought. Social speech speech directed toward another person and meant to be understood by that person. Sesame Street is the most successful t.v. show in history targeted at preeschoolers; its audience in the millions. Average preeschooler watches more than 21 hours of t.v. a week. American Academy of Pediatrics suggest that until the age of two, children watch no television, and after that no more than two hours a day of quality programming. Early Education Child-care centers typically provide care for children outside the home, while thier parents are at work. Effectiveness of Child Care Preeschoolers in child care are more verbally fluent, show memory and comprehension advantages, and acheive higher IQ scores. Head start founded to promote better future academic success. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt stage in early preeschool period, children are ending this stage, which lasts around 18 months to 3 years. Self-concept a person's identity, or set of beliefs about what one is like as an
individual. Individualistic orientation a philosophy that emphasizes personal identity and the uniqueness of the individual. Gender identity By the age of 2, children consistently label themselves and those around them as
male or female. Psychoanalytic perspectives The preschool years encompass the phallic stage, in which the focus of a child's pleasure relates to genital sexuality. Children learn gender stereotypes much earlier than the age of 5, and occurs even in single parent housholds. Gender identity the perception of oneself as male or female. Gender constancy the belief that people are permanently males or females, depending on fixed, unchangeable biological factors. androgynous a state in which gender roles ecompass charachteristics thought typical of both sexes. Preschoolers relationship with peers are based more on the desire for companionship, play, and fun. Functional play play that involves simple, repetitive activities typical of three-year-olds. Constructive play play in which children manipulate objects to produce or build somenthing. Parallel play action in which children play with similar toys, in a similar manner, but do not interact with each other. Cooperative play play in which children genuinely interact with one another, taking turns, playing games, or devising contests. Authoritarian parent parents who are controlling, punitive, rigid, and cold, whos word is the law. Authoritative parents parents who are firm, setting clear and consistent limits, but who try to reason with their children, giving explanations to why they should behave a certain way. Children in certain age groups are more likely to be the targets of abuse: 3 and 4 Year olds and 15 to 17 year olds are somewhat more likely to be abused by their parents than other ages. Only 33 percent Of children abused will become abusers. cycle of violence hypothesis the theory that the abuse and neglect that children suffer predispose them as adults to abuse and neglect their own children. Psychological maltreatment occurs when parents or other caregivers harm children's behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical functioning. Resilience the ability to overcome circumstances that place a child at high risk for psychological or physical damage. Moral development the changes in people's sense of justice and of what is right and wrong, and in their behavior related to moral issues. Heteronomous Morality the earliest stage is a broad form of moral thinking, heteronomous morality, in which rules are seen as invariant and unchangeable. Prosocial behavior helping behavior that benefits others. Empathy the understanding of what another individual feels. Aggression intentional injury or harm to another person. Emotional self regulation the capacity to adjust emotions to a desired state and level of intensity instrumental aggression aggression motivated by the desire to obtain a concrete goal. relational aggression nonphysical aggression that is intended to hurt another person's feelings. Social learning approaches to aggression contend that aggression is based on observation and prior learning. Recommended textbook solutions
Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Psychology: Principles in Practice1st EditionSpencer A. Rathus 1,024 solutions Understanding Psychology, Student Edition1st EditionRichard A. Kasschau 820 solutions A Concise Introduction to Logic12th EditionPatrick J. Hurley 1,933 solutions Sets with similar termschapter 451 terms jaygarrcia Child Psych - Exam 358 terms rlelling Human growth development chapter 455 terms juliethrasherxo Psych Ch. 1045 terms LauraG999 Other sets by this creatorC270 terms fabianvela C64 terms fabianvela Ethics test 231 terms fabianvela Ethics quiz 122 terms fabianvela Other Quizlet setsOrganismal Biology139 terms dsimmons101923 A&P Exam Mylab232 terms Camryntraylor1521 Exam4Lecture158 terms morgan_elizabeth571 Anatomy II final165 terms timpeauna Related questionsQUESTION Thomas severely restricts his food intake because he has an intense fear of gaining weight and believes himself to weigh much more than he does. Based on this description, he most likely has: 6 answers QUESTION Which condition is likely to reduce a teenager's likelihood of smoking? 15 answers QUESTION later growth of the trunk and legs than of the head and chest. 8 answers QUESTION What are the phases of joint attention? 11 answers Which term refers to the ability to overcome circumstances that place a person at high risk for psychological or physical damage?Resilience is the process and outcome of successfully adapting to difficult or challenging life experiences, especially through mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility and adjustment to external and internal demands.
What is the term for intentional injury or harm to another person quizlet?Aggression. intentional injury or harm to another person.
What is the term for the capability to adjust emotions?Emotional intelligence (otherwise known as emotional quotient or EQ) is the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges and defuse conflict.
What is the term for the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes?Cognitive dissonance is a theory in social psychology. It refers to the mental conflict that occurs when a person's behaviors and beliefs do not align. It may also happen when a person holds two beliefs that contradict one another.
|
