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Terms in this set (17)How would you define the term "database"? How would you define the term "database manage- ment system"? A database is a well-designed, organized, and carefully managed collection of data. A database management system (DBMS) consists of a group of programs used to access and manage a database as well as provide an interface between the database and its users and other application programs. In the hierarchy of data, what is the difference between a data attribute and a data item? What is the domain of an attribute? An attribute is a characteristic of an entity. For example, employee number, last name, first name, hire date, and department number are attributes for an employee. The specific value of an attribute, called a data item, can be found in the fields of the record describing an entity. The domain for a particular attribute indicates what values can be placed in each column of the relational table. What is meant by the database approach to data management? The database approach to data management is an approach to data management where multiple information systems share a pool of related data. What is meant by data archiving? Why is this an important consideration when operating a database? Data archiving refers to how long data must be stored. When operating a database it's important to consider the storage needs for older data that is still important to the organization and needed for future reference. What is an entity-relationship diagram, and what is its purpose? Entity-relationship (ER) diagrams use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data. In other words, ER diagrams show data items in tables (entities) and the ways they are related. ER diagrams help ensure that the relationships among the data entities in a database are correctly structured so that any application programs developed are consistent with business operations and user needs. Identify four basic data manipulations performed on a relational database using SQL. Basic data manipulations include selecting, projecting, joining, and linking. What is data scrubbing? Data scrubbing (data cleaning or data cleansing) is the process of detecting and then correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, or irrelevant records that reside in a database. What is database as a service (DaaS)? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using theDaaS approach? " DaaS is similar to Software as a Service (SaaS). A SaaS system is one in which the software is stored on a service provider's servers and is accessed by the client company over a network. With DaaS, the database is stored on a service provider's servers and accessed by the client over a network, typically the Internet, with the database administration handled by the service provider. Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) is a Database as a Service that enables organizations to set up and operate their choice of a MySQL, Microsoft SQL, Oracle, or PostgreSQL relational database in the cloud. The service automatically backs up the database and stores those backups based on a user-defined retention period. " What is Hadoop? What are its primary compo-nents, and what does each do? Hadoop is an open-source software framework with several software modules that provide a means for storing and processing extremely large data sets. Hadoop has two primary components: a data processing component (a Java-based system called MapReduce, which is discussed in the next section) and a distributed file system (Hadoop Distributed File System, HDFS) for data storage. What is a schema, and how is it used? Schemas are used to describe the entire database, its record types, and its relationships to the DBMS. Schemas are entered into the computer via a data definition language, which describes the data and relationships in a specific database. What is concurrency control? Why is it important? Concurrency control is a method of dealing with a situation in which two or more users or applications need to access the same record at the same time. Without proper database control, data updates might be incorrect, resulting in inaccurate records. What is in-memory database processing, and what advantages does it provide? An in-memory database (IMDB) is a database management system that stores the entire database in random access memory (RAM). This approach provides access to data at rates much faster than storing data on some form of secondary storage (e.g., a hard drive or flash drive) as is done with traditional database management systems. IMDBs enable the analysis of big data and other challenging data-processing applications, and they have become feasible because of the increase in RAM capacities and a corresponding decrease in RAM costs. What is the difference between projecting and joining? Projecting involves eliminating columns in a table while joining involves combining two or more tables. What is big data? Identify three characteristics associated with big data. Big data is the term used to describe data collections that are so enormous (terabytes or more) and complex (from sensor data to social media data) that traditional data management software, hardware, and analysis processes are incapable of dealing with them. There are three characteristics associated with big data - volume, velocity, and variety. What is a data warehouse, and how is it different from a traditional database used to support OLTP? A data warehouse is a database that holds business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, and customers. Data warehouses allow managers to drill down to get greater detail or roll up to take detailed data and generate aggregate or summary reports. The primary purpose is to relate information in innovative ways and help managers and executives make better decisions. What is a data lake, and how is it different from a data warehouse? A data lake (also called an enterprise data hub) takes a "store everything" approach to big data, saving all the data in its raw and unaltered form, while a traditional data warehouse is created by extracting (and discarding some data in the process), transforming (modifying), and loading incoming data for predetermined and specific analyses and applications. How does an in-memory database provide fast access to data? 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What is meant by data archiving Why is this an important consideration when operating a database?Data archiving is the practice of shifting infrequently accessed data to low-cost storage repositories. It is an important part of a data management strategy. The goal is to reduce costs on warm storage while retaining old data needed for future reference or analysis, and information needed for regulatory compliance.
What are the different approaches for data management?Three approaches to implement data governance include 1) the Command and Control approach, 2) the Traditional approach, and 3) the Non-Invasive approach. This article compares and contrasts the approaches and quickly summarizes each approach.
What is database management approach in computer system?A database management system (DBMS) is a software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a centralized database. A DBMS generally manipulates the data itself, the data format, field names, record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to validate and manipulate this data.
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