Which 4 factors contribute to quality of care?

Six Domains of Healthcare Quality

A handful of analytic frameworks for quality assessment have guided measure development initiatives in the public and private sectors. One of the most influential is the framework put forth by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which includes the following six aims for the healthcare system.[1]

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Six Domains of Healthcare Quality
Also in "Select Measures to Report"
What are the 4 types of care?
What are the 4 main factors which affect health and wellbeing?
What factors contribute to render quality patient care?

Safe: Avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help them.
Effective: Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and refraining from providing services to those not likely to benefit (avoiding underuse and misuse, respectively).
Patient-centered: Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions.
Timely: Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and those who give care.
Efficient: Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy.
Equitable: Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status.

Existing measures address some domains more extensively than others. The vast majority of measures assess effectiveness and safety. Some capture timeliness and patient-centeredness. Fewer measures focus on efficiency and equity of care, but attention to those domains has been growing.[2]

Frameworks like the IOM domains also make it easier for consumers to grasp the meaning and relevance of quality measures. Studies have shown that providing consumers with a framework for understanding quality helps them value a broader range of quality indicators. For example, when consumers are given a brief, understandable explanation of safe, effective, and patient-centered care, they view all three categories as important. Further, when measures are grouped into user-friendly versions of those three IOM domains, consumers can see the meaning of the measures more clearly and understand how they relate to their own concerns about their care.[3]

Learn more about Organizing Measures To Reduce Information Overload.

Learn more about selecting and reporting measures within categories that consumers understand: Organizing Measures by Quality Domain.

[1] Institute of Medicine (IOM). Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press; 2001.
[2] Institute of Medicine (IOM). Performance Measurement: Accelerating Improvement. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press; 2005.
[3] Hibbard JH, Pawlson LG. Why Not Give Consumers a Framework for Understanding Quality? Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement 2004 June. 30(6); 347-351.

Also in "Select Measures to Report"

The Six Domains of Healthcare Quality
Types of Measures You Can Report
Understanding Data Sources
Selecting the Right Measures for Your Report
Measures of Quality for Different Healthcare Settings
Quality Measurement Resources

Page last reviewed December 2022

Page originally created February 2015

Internet Citation: Six Domains of Healthcare Quality. Content last reviewed December 2022. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.
https://www.ahrq.gov/talkingquality/measures/six-domains.html

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad

School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background
The main purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence healthcare quality in the Iranian context.

Methods
Exploratory in-depth individual and focus group interviews were conducted with 222 healthcare stakeholders including healthcare providers, managers, policy-makers, and payers to identify factors affecting the quality of healthcare services provided in Iranian healthcare organisations.

Results
Quality in healthcare is a production of cooperation between the patient and the healthcare provider in a supportive environment. Personal factors of the provider and the patient, and factors pertaining to the healthcare organisation, healthcare system, and the broader environment affect healthcare service quality. Healthcare quality can be improved by supportive visionary leadership, proper planning, education and training, availability of resources, effective management of resources, employees and processes, and collaboration and cooperation among providers.

Conclusion
This article contributes to healthcare theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework that provides policy-makers and managers a practical understanding of factors that affect healthcare service quality.

Keywords

Healthcare Organisations
Quality
Pluralistic Evaluation
Iran

Main Subjects

Healthcare Quality

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History

Receive Date: 26 April 2014
Revise Date: 13 July 2014
Accept Date: 21 July 2014
First Publish Date: 21 July 2014

What are the 4 types of care?

In general, there are four common care environments: Home Health Care, Assisted Living Facilities, Nursing Homes, and Adult Daycare Centers.

What are the 4 main factors which affect health and wellbeing?

The determinants of health include: the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and. the person's individual characteristics and behaviours.