Politics in States and Communities
15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye
177 solutions
American Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
American Corrections
11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear
160 solutions
Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry
269 solutions
Recommended textbook solutionsAmerican Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
Politics in States and Communities
15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye
177 solutions
Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry
269 solutions
Politics in States and Communities
15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye
177 solutions
Recommended textbook solutions
Politics in States and Communities
15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye
177 solutions
American Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
American Corrections
11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear
160 solutions
Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry
269 solutions
Federalists : Northern, urban, merchants, bankers
Hamilton, Adams
Support national bank, strengthen power of national govt
VS
Democratic-Republicans (DOMINANT)
Southern, rural, farmers, workers
Jefferson
Oppose national bank, strengthen power of local govt
END OF SYSTEM?
"era of good feelings" = general prosperous, generous, and nationalistic sentiments
End of this era → rise of the 2nd system
War of 1812 federalists depicted as traitors, D-Rs praised → federalists fade as party
Power vacuum leads to splintering of D-Rs
One party nature couldn't continue, bound to split
Republicans - Heavily northern, urban
laborers and businessman,The wealthy, black folks, and protestants
PPL: Lincoln, Grant, Mckinley
Stance: Pro government, trickle down economics, abolition
- Supporting the workers and the wealthy largely justified
through trickle down economics. -Response to the Whigs poor job at incorporating new voters so they changed their narrative to widen the voting base.
VS
Democrats - Republicans dominate early system post Civil war. Their worker incorporation/trickle-down approach widened their base
DEMO: Rural, heavily southern
Slave and agriculture industry
catholics, euro immigrants, poor
KEY PLAYERS: Bryan, Cleveland
ISSUES: Pro slavery, agrarian
Internal struggle
between republicans
Early republicans split
Geographically the south = black
Ideologically Radicals vs moderates
Radicals want the south to suffer
Moderates want country to recover and avoid slavery
Split ended by events in 1837-1877
Benefitting democrats
-Depression
-Compromise of 1877
which systems displayed high or low polarization between parties
-Very high polarization system
-High polarization, era starts with one party defeated in civil
war
-Lots of struggle between reps and dems
-Media very partisan
-Most polzaried before the current system
which party was more dominant (if applicable)
-Civil war leaves republicans in a temporary "one party" system
-Move towards "laborism" makes republican dominance possible
-Democrats temporarily dominate the 1880s (anti-corruption and populism)
what forces led to transition between it and the next one
-Democrats undone by their own depression (panic of
1893)
McKinley vs Bryan
Bryan (D): aggressive populist
McKinley (R) : "a rising tide lifts all boats"
If economy good for us then good for you too
Republicans make better use of modern campaign techniques
Business based financing
National organization
And unorthodox techniques like direct education
People can read now so direct campaign ads
Republicans
Northern
Industry (businessmen, laborers)
Upper & Middle
class, black people, protestants
Mckinley, Roosevelt, Coolidge
Issues: pro-business, anti-union
FLIP: Suddenly anti-statist! (anti big gov)
Isolationist, pro-prohibition and moralism
Democrats
South + northern liberals
Poor and working class, EU immigrants, Catholics
Bryan, Wilson
Issues: pro-union, populism, anti-monopoly, federal reform, interventionism
Swapping Ideologies
19th century views on economics and govt:
Dems: laissez faire good,
govt bad
Reps: government good for business
20th century views:
Dems: govt good for people
Reps: laissez faire good, govt bad
What changed?
Through the command economy, big businesses became very powerful
Democrats saw the government as a means to check their power
Ideology is malleable, Identity is not
For many, the conflict was not R. v. D. but Progressives v. Establishment
Democrats' international efforts cost them the 1940's
The
end of the 4th party system
1929: Great Depression wipes out all the gains of the past 30 years
Hoover, elected in 1928, refuses to increase govt spending to minimize econ. Losses
Roosevelt comes to power at the height of the Depression, and increases spending 8
-which parties were the two major parties of that time
Northern republicans
Southern republicans (extremely weak)
Northern democrats
Southern democrats
-which
demographics provided support to each party
Northern Republicans
Demographics: upper middle class + white anglo saxon protestants (WASPs)
Key players: Rockefeller, Eisenhower
Northern Democrats
Demographics: progressives, union members, racial minorities
Key Players: Roosevelt, Kennedy
Southern democrats
Demographics: southern whites
Key players: Thurmond, Johnson (weridly)
Southern republicans WEAK.
Demographics: wealthy whites
-a
key issue or two that separated the parties
Northern republicans
Pro:Buisness, Social & economic moderation
Anti: Segregation
Northern democrats
Anti: Segregation
Pro:Union, Govenment
Southern democrats
Pro Segregation Populist
Soiuthern republcians
Pro Segregation, Buisness, Tax
-how and whether the parties were internally divided
Well yes Northern or Southern within each party
But dems are highly divided by region
Southern
democrats control party, but often in coalition with northern republicans
1948: northern democrats introduce anti-segregation stance into the platform
Intensifying intrapartisan shift
Northern Ds stuck between:
Northern Rs (agree on race)
Southern Ds (agree on econ)
-which systems displayed high or low polarization between parties
-which party was more dominant (if applicable)
Democrats dominate this time period but are split
Popularity of FDR policies →
New Deal Coalition
Democrats enjoy almost unbroken control of congress for 50 years (1932-1980_
Republicans
Rural, south, whites, conservatives
Reagan, Trump
Pro-business, anti-govt, cultural conservatism, restrictive immigration, redistribution
vs Democrats
Urban, coast, poor/working class, minorities, liberals
Clinton, Obama
Pro-govt, cultural liberalism, racial and economic equality
Over time, IPDs have become increasingly powerful.
Over the past several decades, there has been a major shift in power from the core of the party towards the periphery.
Early Reasons (1960-1990)
Increased urbanization, increased population density, easier to coordinate, communication and transport technology has increased the ease of coordination and outside advertising, government policies increasingly impact key stakeholders
New Reason (1990-Present)- the backlash against gov't
expansion in the 1970s
Changes in campaign finance law (citizens' United)
makes it easier for outside groups to spend unlimited $
More lobbyists and spending
More spending on interest groups in Washington in general
Increased niche media (talk, radio, cable news, social media)
Keep the government accountable by being active about what government policies they want and therefore determine the party's performance
more likely to notice
more likely to react
more likely
connected
more likely to donate (or not)
more likely to vote (or not)
control key endorsements- voters are less likely to pay as close attention to politics
even if they do they tend not to have preferences on most issues
Even if they do, the party can re-frame issues to keep their support
Voters have an electoral blindspot which accounts for the many reasons to think that the party won't pay a penalty among their voters
This is why politicians and the party prefer
to keep the IPD happy rather than the voters.