Remote Desktop connection Event ID

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Event IDs with Reason Code :
Event ID 4624 – An account logon type
Event ID 4625 – Status Code for an account to get failed during logon process

It is becoming more and more common for bad actors to manipulate or clear the security event logs on compromised machines, and sometimes RDP sessions don’t even register as just a type 10 logon, depending on the circumstance. RDP activities will leave events in several different logs as action is taken and various processes are involved.

Event IDs	Description	Event Location	Event specifications	Win 10	Win 8.1	Win 7	Win 2008	Win 2012	Win 2016
21	Remote Desktop Services: Session Logon Succeeded	Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-LocalSesssionManager %4Operational.evtx	Logon	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
22	Remote Desktop Services: Shell start notification received	Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-LocalSesssionManager %4Operational.evtx	Logon	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
23	Remote Desktop Services: Session Logoff Succeeded	Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-LocalSesssionManager %4Operational.evtx	Process termination	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
24	Remote Desktop Services: Session has been disconnected	Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-LocalSesssionManager %4Operational.evtx	Terminal Service – Local Session	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
25	Remote Desktop Services: Session Reconnection Succeeded	Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-LocalSesssionManager %4Operational.evtx	Terminal Service – Local Session	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
39	Session <X> has been disconnected by session <Y>	Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-LocalSesssionManager %4Operational.evtx	Session Disconnect or Reconnect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
40	Session <x> has been disconnected reason code <z>	Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-LocalSesssionManager %4Operational.evtx	Session Disconnect or Reconnect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
98	A TCP Connection has been successfully established	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ RemoteDesktopServices-RDPCoreTS \Operational	–	Yes	–	–	–	–	Yes
131	The server accepted a new TCP connection from client <ipAddress>	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ RemoteDesktopServices-RDPCoreTS \Operational	–	Yes	–	–	–	Yes	Yes
140	Connection failed; bad username or password	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ RemoteDesktopServices-RDPCoreTS \Operational	–	Yes	–	–	–	Yes	Yes
226	RDPClient_SSL: An error was encountered when transitioning from TsSslStateHandshakeInProgress to TsSslStateDisconnecting in response to TsSslEventHandshakeContinueFailed (error code 0x80004005)	Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-RDPClient/Operational	RDP State Transition	Yes	–	–	–	–	–
261	Listener RDP-Tcp received a connection	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-RemoteConnectionManager\ Operational	Terminal Service – Remote Connection	Yes	–	Yes	–	Yes	–
1024	The Client has initiated a multi-transport connection to the server ()	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	–	Yes	–	Yes	–
1025	RDP ClientActiveX has connected to the server.	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	–	Yes	–	Yes	–
1026	RDP ClientActiveX has been disconnected (Reason= <no.>)	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	–	Yes	–	Yes	–
1027	Connected to domain (SERVER-xx) with session <X>	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	–	–	–	–	–
1028	The server supports SSL = supported	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	–	Yes	–	Yes	–
1029	Base64(SHA256(UserName)) is = [BASE64 Encoded SHA256 Hash Value of User Name]	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	–	Yes	–	Yes	–
1102	The Client has initiated a multi-transport connection to the server <ipAddress>	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
1103	The client has established a multi-transport connection to the server	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\T erminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	–	–	–	–	–
1105	The multi-transport connection has been disconnected.	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	Connection Sequence	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
1149	User Authentication Succeeded	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-RemoteConnectionManager\ Operational	Network Connection	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
1158	Remote Desktop Services accepted a connection from IP address <ipAddress>	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-RemoteConnectionManager\ Operational	Terminal Service – Remote Connection	Yes	–	–	–	–	–
1401	The server is using version 0xA0502 of the RDP graphics protocol (client mode: 0, AVC available: 1)	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	RDP Client Pipeline workspace	Yes	–	–	–	–	–
1403	The client is using software memory for the frame buffer	Application and Services Logs \ Microsoft \ Windows \ TerminalServices-ClientActiveXCore\ TerminalServices-RDPClient\Operational	RDP Client Pipeline workspace	Yes	–	–	–	–	–
4624	An account was Successfully Logged On	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Authentication	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4625	An Account Failed to Logon	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Authentication	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4634	An Account was Logged Off	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Logoff	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4647	User Initiated Logoff	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Logoff	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4648	A logon was attempted using Explicit Credentials	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Logon	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4656	A handle to an object was requested	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	File System	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4658	The handle to an object was closed	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	File System	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4663	An Attempt was made to access an object	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	File System	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4688	A new process has been created	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Process Creation	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4689	A process has exited	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Process termination	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4778	A Session was Reconnected from a Window Station	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Other Logon/ Logoff	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4779	A Session was Disconnected from a Window Station	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Other Logon/ Logoff	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5058	Key File Operation	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Other System Events	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5059	Key Migration Operation	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Other System Events	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5061	Cryptographic Operation	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	System Integrity	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5156	The Windows Filtering Platform has allowed a connection	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Filtering Platform connection	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5158	The Windows Filtering Platform has permitted a bind to a local port	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\Security.evtx	Filtering Platform connection	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
9009	The Desktop Window Manager has exited with code(<X>)	%SystemRoot%\System32\ Winevt\Logs\System.evtx	Desktop Windows Manager	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Also Read: Latest IOCs – Threat Actor URLs , IP’s & Malware Hashes

Event IDs with Reason Code :

Above illustrated image: Event ID 40 with reason code 12 ( Session has disconnected and The user logged off, disconnecting the session )

Also Read: Soc Interview Questions and Answers – CYBER SECURITY ANALYST

Code	Description
0	No additional information is available
1	An application initiated the disconnection
2	An application logged off the client
3	The server has disconnected the client because the client has been idle for a period of time longer than the designated time-out period
4	The server has disconnected the client because the client has exceeded the period designated for connection
5	The client’s connection was replaced by another connection
6	No memory is available
7	The server denied the connection
8	The server denied the connection for security reasons
9	The server denied the connection for security reasons
10	Fresh credentials are required
11	User activity has initiated the disconnect
12	“The user logged off, disconnecting the session.”
256	Internal licensing error
257	No license server was available
258	No valid software license was available
259	The remote computer received a licensing message that was not valid
260	The hardware ID does not match the one designated on the software license
261	Client license error
262	Network problems occurred during the licensing protocol.
263	The client ended the licensing protocol prematurely.
264	A licensing message was encrypted incorrectly.
265	The local computer’s client access license could not be upgraded or renewed.
266	The remote computer is not licensed to accept remote connections.
267	An access denied error was received while creating a registry key for the license store.
768	Invalid credentials were encountered.

For RDP Success refer the Event ID 4624 Logon Type from the below table to identify the Logon Service/Mode

Event ID 4624 – An account logon type

Logon Type	Logon Title	Description
2	Interactive	A user logged on to this computer
3	Network	A user or computer logged on to this computer from the network
4	Batch	Batch logon type is used by batch servers, where processes may be executing on behalf of a user without their direct intervention
5	Service	A service was started by the Service Control Manager
7	Unlock	This workstation was unlocked
8	Network Cleartext	A user logged on to this computer from the network. The user’s password was passed to the authentication package in its unlashed form. The built-in authentication packages all hash credentials before sending them across the network. The credentials do not traverse the network in plaintext (also called cleartext)
9	New Credentials	A caller cloned its current token and specified new credentials for outbound connections. The new logon session has the same local identity, but uses different credentials for other network connections
10	Remote Interactive	A user logged on to this computer remotely using Terminal Services or Remote Desktop
11	Cached Interactive	A user logged on to this computer with network credentials that were stored locally on the computer. The domain controller was not contacted to verify the credentials

For RDP Failure refer the Event ID 4625 Status Code from the below table to determine the Logon Failure reason

Event ID 4625 – Status Code for an account to get failed during logon process

Status\Sub-Status Code	Description
0XC000005E	There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request
0xC0000064	User logon with misspelled or bad user account
0xC000006A	User logon with misspelled or bad password
0XC000006D	The cause is either a bad username or authentication information
0XC000006E	Indicates a referenced user name and authentication information are valid, but some user account restriction has prevented successful authentication (such as time-of-day restrictions)
0xC000006F	User logon outside authorized hours
0xC0000070	User logon from unauthorized workstation
0xC0000071	User logon with expired password
0xC0000072	User logon to account disabled by administrator
0XC00000DC	Indicates the Sam Server was in the wrong state to perform the desired operation
0XC0000133	Clocks between DC and other computer too far out of sync
0XC000015B	The user has not been granted the requested logon type (also called the logon right) at this machine
0XC000018C	The logon request failed because the trust relationship between the primary domain and the trusted domain failed
0XC0000192	An attempt was made to logon, but the Net Logon service was not started
0xC0000193	User logon with expired account
0XC0000224	User is required to change password at next logon
0XC0000225	Evidently a bug in Windows and not a risk
0xC0000234	User logon with account locked
0XC00002EE	Failure Reason: An Error occurred during Logon
0XC0000413	Logon Failure: The machine you are logging on to is protected by an authentication firewall. The specified account is not allowed to authenticate to the machine
0x0	Status OK

Also Read: How DNS Tunneling works – Detection & Response

References

https://www.13cubed.com/downloads/rdp_flowchart.pdf
https://ponderthebits.com/category/remote-desktop/
https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/764914-remote-desktop-services-disconnect-code?page=1#entry-5456587
https://frsecure.com/blog/rdp-connection-event-logs/
https://dfironthemountain.wordpress.com/2019/02/15/rdp-event-log-dfir/
http://woshub.com/rdp-connection-logs-forensics-windows/
https://docs.rackspace.com/support/how-to/rds-client-disconnected-codes-and-reasons/
https://jpcertcc.github.io/ToolAnalysisResultSheet/
https://nullsec.us/windows-rdp-related-event-logs-the-client-side-of-the-story/
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4625
https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/
https://tranquilsec.com/rdp-vs-soc/